The dynamic operation of PEM electrolyzers is crucial for the efficient utilization of renewable energy in hydrogen production. A newly developed dynamic 1D multi-physics model, created at the Institute of Plant and Process Engineering in collaboration with Linde GmbH and published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, now provides an in-depth analysis of the physical interactions within an electrolysis cell, including mass transport, voltage dynamics, and heat transfer. Unlike previous modeling approaches, which often focus only on individual aspects or stationary operating conditions, this model integrates all relevant processes and can be simulated in real time.
Validation with experimental literature data confirms the high accuracy of the model and provides new insights into the impact of operating conditions on specific energy consumption as well as start-up and shutdown processes. In particular, the modeling of gas supersaturation effects and recombination layers within the membrane enables more precise predictions of cell performance and safety aspects.
These advancements make an important contribution to optimizing electrolysis plants by improving the efficiency of load changes and reducing operating costs. The model can be used for improving existing electrolysis systems, thereby supporting the expansion of the hydrogen economy.
Read the full publication here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.03.116